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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is among the most common causes of vertigo — the sudden sensation that you're spinning or that the inside of your head is spinning. BPPV causes brief episodes of mild to intense dizziness. It is usually triggered by specific changes in the position of your head. This might occur when you tip your head up or down, when you lie down, or when you turn over or sit up in bed.

Although BPPV can be bothersome, it's rarely serious except when it increases the chance of falls. You can receive effective treatment for BPPV during a doctor's office visit.

What Causes BPPV?

BPPV is thought to be caused by calcium particles (canaliths) clumping in the canals of the inner ear. The inner ear sends signals to the brain about body and head movements relative to gravity. BPPV can occur for no known reason and may be associated with age, but it can also be caused by a head injury or any other disorder of the balance organs of your ear.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The main symptom of BPPV is the sensation of vertigo. This may be associated with:

• Dizziness
• A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving
• A loss of balance or unsteadiness
• Nausea
• Vomiting The symptoms might come and go and typically last less than one minute. Episodes of BPPV can disappear for some time and then recur.

Diagnosing BPPV usually involves a physical examination and often a series of tests known as Dix-Hallpike maneuvers. During this examination, your doctor will watch your eyes for abnormal movements and position your head to provoke dizziness.

Treatment Options

BPPV treatment may include a series of simple movements of the head and body (known as the Epley maneuver or the Semont maneuver). These maneuvers are designed to move the calcium deposits out of the canal into an inner ear chamber so they can be absorbed by the body. You may need repeated treatments for relief. In rare cases, surgery may be needed.

Living with BPPV

Although BPPV can be irritating, it's controable and not life-threatening. You can manage BPPV symptoms by being cautious with movements that trigger it. Also, stay well-hydrated and follow any exercise or therapy your doctor may advise.